MeVisLab
MeVisLab is a modular development environment for medical image processing and visualisation. Shareware (conditionally free): a free SDK with restrictions for non-commercial institutions, a Professional SDK for commercial work. Windows and Linux. A research tool, not dental software.
Dragonfly 3D World
Dragonfly 3D World by Comet Technologies Canada visualises, segments and measures CT and micro-CT volumes, with deep-learning tools. Shareware (conditionally free): trial version, free academic licence for university research, paid otherwise. Not a medical device. Windows and Linux.
Amira Software
Amira Software by Thermo Fisher Scientific segments, measures and visualises CT, micro-CT, CBCT, MRI and microscopy data for life-science research. Shareware (conditionally free): trial on request and a free ToGo Viewer; licences are paid. Research use only. Windows and Linux.
OpenFlipper
OpenFlipper is a free, open-source (BSD 3-Clause) 3D mesh processing framework from RWTH Aachen, with plugins for hole filling, decimation, smoothing and remeshing of STL/OBJ/PLY meshes. There is no medical edition. The last release is 4.1 (2019).
medInria
medInria is free, open-source medical image software from Inria for 2D/3D/4D viewing, segmentation, registration, filtering and diffusion MRI. It imports DICOM (including CBCT) but has no dental tools and is not CE marked or FDA approved.
OnDemand3D Dental
OnDemand3D by Cybermed is Windows software for dental CBCT diagnosis, implant planning, TMJ and airway review and 3D cephalometrics. It is shareware (conditionally free): a trial runs after installation and a free Project Viewer opens shared cases; full use needs a paid licence.
NIRFAST
NIRFAST is a free, open-source (BSD) toolkit from Dartmouth for modeling near-infrared light in tissue and reconstructing optical tomography images. It is a research tool with no dental features; releases stopped in 2018 and work continues in NIRFASTer.
GIMIAS
GIMIAS is a free, open-source (BSD) framework for medical image analysis and simulation from CISTIB, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Its prototypes target cardiology and neurology; it has no dental tools and has not been updated since 1.8.r1 in 2016.
BioImage Suite Web
BioImage Suite Web is a free, open-source (Apache 2.0) medical image analysis suite from Yale that runs in the browser, with desktop and command-line versions. It targets neuroimaging, reads NIfTI, keeps data local and is not approved for clinical use.